This book is about the experiences of the Chinese sailors, smugglers, deserters, and pilots in British India during the Second World War. In telling how the Indian and the Chinese governments were worried by the activities of these Chinese sojourners and how the authorities of both countries tried to check, control, and discipline them, this book sheds new light on the unexpected encounter between British colonial anxieties and Chinese state-building. It further points out that the misunderstandings between the British Raj and the Chinese Nationalist government with regard to the issue of the Chinese sojourners in wartime India further influence the relations between the Republic of India and the People’s Republic of China.